seen are
Common organisms
are
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Hemophilus influenza type
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Escherichia Coli
- Pneumococcus
Others Gram negative bacteria such as pseudomona aeruginosa, salmonella and E. Coli.
Clinical features
Depends upon the site of infection. HIV infected children with bacterial infections usually have a similar clinical presentation as those without HIV infection. However, the severity of the disease may be more and response to standard duration of antibiotics may be poor.
The methods of diagnosis essentially remain the same as that of an uninfected child. Isolation of organism by culture is essential.
Treatment
Treatment should be as per the local epidemiologic prevalent strain and sensitivity pattern. If an organism is isolated, then antibiotic susceptibility testing should be performed and therapy based on sensitivity pattern. Longer duration of therapy may be required to cure the infection.
|
Infection
|
Empiric recommended drugs
|
Meningitis or
Pneumonia or
Bacteremia
|
Third generation cephalosporin such as ceftriaxone (80-100 mg/kg/day) in 1-2 divided doses (max dose = 4 gm)
OR cefotaxime (150-200 mg/kg/day) in 3 to 4 divided doses (max dose - 8-10 gm) OR Cefuroxime (100-150 mg/kg/day) in 3 divided doses (max - 4-6 gm). |
Staphylococcus aureus
(methicillin resistant) |
Vancomycin (40-60 mg/kg/day) in 4 divided doses (max adult dose = 2-4 gm) |