Drugs used for the treatment of Tuberculosis
Drug
|
Dosage
|
Adverse Effects
|
Remarks
|
INH
|
5-10 mg/kg /day
PO OD |
Hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuritis, mild CNS effects Hyper sensitivity reaction |
Pyridoxine is recommended in children in all symptomatic HIV disease |
Rifampicin
|
10-20 mg/kg/day
PO OD |
Stains urine, tears, sweat, contact lenses and other body fluids orange. GI upset, skin rash, hepatitis,
thrombocytopenia, cholestatic jaundice
|
Rifampicin accelerates
clearance of PIs & NNRTIs resulting in sub therapeutic levels of the drug
|
Pyrazinamide
|
30 mg/kg/day <
PO OD
|
Hepatotoxicity, Hyperuricemia, Arthralgia, skin rash, GI intolerance
|
Monthly evaluation of vision is recommended |
Ethambutol
|
15 mg/kg/day
PO OD |
Optic neuritis, colour
blindness, headache,
nausea, peripheral
neuropathy, rash,
hyperuricemia
|
|
Streptomycin
|
20-30 mg/kg/day
IM |
Ototoxicity and
nephrotoxicity
|
|
Alternative drugs
| Ethionamide |
15-20 mg/kg/day PO OD |
Nausea, loss of appetite, Abdominal pain, Hepatitis, Arthralgia, Gynaecomastia, photosensitive dermatitis, hypothyroidism, metallic taste in the month |
Use for drug resistant TB or CNS TB. Periodic functions is recommended |
| Kanamycin |
15-20 mg/kg/day IM |
Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity |
Use for drug resistant TB |
| Amikacin |
15 mg/kg/day IM/IV |
Ototoxicity (lesser rate), Nephrotoxicity |
Use for drug resistant TB |
| Capreomycin |
15-25 mg/kg/day IV / IM |
Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity |
Use for drug resistant TB |
| Ciprofloxacin |
10-15 mg/kg/day PO OD/BD |
GI upset, Diarrhea, rash, Headache, cartilage damage |
Use with caution in children 18 years due to potential damage on growing cartilage |
| Cycloserine |
10-20 mg/kg/day OD PO |
Emotional & behavioral disturbances, convulsions peripheral neuropathy |
Use for drug resistant TB. If administered with INH, co-administration of pyridoxine is recommended. |
| Para-amino salicylic acid (PAS) |
200-300 mg/kg PO in 3-4 divided doses |
GI upset, hypersensitivity reaction, hepatitis |
Use for drug resistant TB. |
|
